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Mark Rylance (as Rudolf Abel) and Tom Hanks (as James Donovan) in Bridge of Spies. |
Near the conclusion of Steven Spielberg’s recent film
Bridge of Spies, lawyer James Donovan (Tom Hanks), on a train that takes him from East to
West Berlin, looks out in horror at two individuals being shot at the recently built Wall. The scene instantly recalls
John le Carré’s 1963 novel,
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, and its 1965 Martin Ritt film adaption of the same name that begins and ends with corpses raked with bullets.
Moreover, both films are drenched in atmospherics: the washed-out bluish cinematography of East Berlin in
Bridge is similar to the black-and-white
desolation and soullessness of the earlier film. The cinematography in
The Spy suits the cynicism and betrayal inherent in the plot.
Similarly, the visual representation of East Berlin in
Bridge compliments the cold desolation of a police state that looks more like war-devastated
1945 Berlin than 1961 West Berlin.
There, however, the similarities end. The contrast in the cinematography between East Berlin and a sunlit Brooklyn is one indication of how Spielberg offers a
glossy, more upbeat, interpretation of the Cold War. It is also hard to imagine him including an American official uttering anything like what Control, the
head of Circus (an amalgam of MI5 and MI6) says in
The Spy to his agent Alec Leamas: “Our policies are peaceful, but our methods can’t afford to be
less ruthless than those of the opposition, can they?” Or later when Leamas says to the Communist idealist, Liz Gold (played by Nam Perry in the film): “What do you
think spies are? .... They're just a bunch of seedy, squalid bastards like me.” Adam Sisman in
John le Carré: The Biography (Bloomsbury, 2015) reveals that the
cynicism infusing le Carré’s novel – we are no better than them – reflected the unhappiness in his personal and professional life. Feeling trapped in his
marriage, agent David Cornwall (before he became le Carré) was also disgusted by the number of former Nazis courted by British intelligence during the
Cold War, and he had to work with them. Yet in the anger that he channelled into
The Spy and subsequent novels, le Carré reveals insightful truths
about the soul-destroying work of spies and raises questions about the damage that can be done to a free society by the methods that are carried out by the
security services, questions that remain relevant today.